{"id":17216,"date":"2024-02-28T21:51:32","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T21:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/msp-journal.com\/?p=504"},"modified":"2024-02-28T21:51:32","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T21:51:32","slug":"504","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civilityculturecompass.com\/?p=17216","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u6458<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u8981<\/strong>
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u5bb6\u897f\u5965\u591a\u2022\u5fb7\u83b1\u585e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u950b\u5229\u7684\u7b14\u950b\uff0c\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u62a8\u51fb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u9ad8\u96c5\u9762\u7eb1\u4e0b\u56f4\u7ed5\u91d1\u94b1\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4e11\u6076\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee5\u5176\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u5927\u80c6\u5199\u5b9e\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u751f\u5e73\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u5fb7\u83b1\u8d5b\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u60b2\u5267\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u62dc\u91d1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4eab\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u672c\u80fd\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u4e0d\u514d\u5730\u8981\u5f80\u4e0a\u722c\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u68a6\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u3002\u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5979\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u591a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u5199\u7167\u3002
\n\u5173<\/strong>\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u60b2\u5267\u00a0 \u841d\u8d1d\u5854 \u00a0\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba \u00a0\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6<\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT <\/strong>
\nA pioneer of naturalism in American literature, Theodore Dreiser equally deserves a place in American literature for his vigorous attack on the genteel tradition and his long and active interest in American social problem. Showing the readers an actual American society that is maintained with money worship, hedonism, individualism, his works make the readers so suffering and so astonished that some readers could hardly bear.<\/p>\n

In this paper, a brief introduction is given to Dreiser\u2019s life and the critical story of An American Tragedy, and then attempts to make a Freudian study of Dreiser\u2019s An American Tragedy so as to summarize and then the causes of Roberta\u2019s tragedy are analyzed. Through analysis the real origin of the tragedy is exposed to be the evil capitalist social system, and Roberta\u2019s tragedy is also the American females\u2019 tragedy.<\/p>\n

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Key Word<\/strong>s\uff1atragedy\u00a0 Roberta\u00a0 Freudian study\u00a0 American Dream.<\/p>\n

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1 <\/strong>\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/strong>.<\/strong>5 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2 \u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.6<\/p>\n

2.1\u897f\u5965\u591a\u2022\u5fb7\u83b1\u585e\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.7<\/p>\n

2.2\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u60b2\u5267\u300b\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 8<\/p>\n

3 \u4ece\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u9010\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 9<\/p>\n

3.1 \u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..9<\/p>\n

3.2\u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u60b2\u5267\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..10<\/p>\n

3.3 \u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u60b2\u5267\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ..<\/p>\n

3.4\u4ece\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u900f\u89c6\u841d\u8d1d\u5854\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202612<\/p>\n

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CONTENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1 Introduction<\/strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20265<\/p>\n

2<\/strong> The Author and the Novel<\/strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.6<\/p>\n

2.1 A Brief Introduction to Theodore Dreiser\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20267<\/p>\n

2.2 A Brief Introduction of an American Tragedy\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.8<\/p>\n

3<\/strong> Analysis of Roberta’s Tragedy<\/strong> on <\/strong>Freudian study<\/strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20269<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1 Roberta\u2019s Destiny \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026…9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 The Analysis of Roberta\u2019s Tragedy on the External Causes\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 10<\/p>\n

    3.3 The Original Causes of the Tragedy\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202611<\/p>\n

    3.4 Roberta’s Tragedy on Freudian study\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202612<\/p>\n

    Conclusion<\/strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202613<\/p>\n

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    1 Introduction<\/strong>
    \nDreiser, who is very famous for the principal American exponents of literary naturalism, is one of the most influential authors in American literary history during the 20th century. As a great naturalistic writer, Dreiser does not forget the basic principle of naturalism. It is easy to find that the man characters\u2019 personality in American Tragedy is a sexual athlete and a man of elemental force who rises to a dominant position in business and society led by Roberta\u2019s tragedy. It expresses the depth sympathy in his novels to Roberta and Clyde, which are drawing people\u2019s attentions, so the novel is regarded as the greatest novel in American literary.
    \nAmerican Tragedy based on an actual case tells the story of a social tragedy, in which a tiny successful young man killed his lover, sentenced to death at last. The novel highly criticizes the America legal system and expresses the course of the tragedy. Among all the comments on the causes of the tragedy, Charles Walcutl A. Waltonlitz, specifically makes an analysis about the causes of the tragedy. His idea is unique and profound for us to study. American Dream makes many young people lose their direction even lives.
    \nMost of the researches on American Tragedy are profound, and many theories have reasoned on the causes of Roberta\u2019s tragedy that American Dream and American capitalist social system are the real origin of the tragedy.
    \nRoberta\u2019s death stimulates researchers to study the cause of tragedy. At the same time, the novel arouses people\u2019s attention of feminism. In 18th century, feminism was not popular, and many women had no equal rights. Through analysis of Roberta’s tragedy, we can get more knowledge of female in the society.
    \n2 The Author and the Novel<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Theodore Dreiser is one of the most influential American writers in the early twentieth century\uff0eAs the masterpiece of Theodore Dreiser, An American Tragedy deserves such a good name\uff1athe gem of western culture\uff0eIt reflects the reality and maladies of the contemporary American society in Dreiser\u2019s time and it brings both fame and wealth for Dreiser\uff0eThere has been plenty of criticism on Theodore Dreiser\uff0eBut most of them focus on the naturalist feature of his work and some others pay attention to the archetype of the murder case\uff0eHowever ,the psychological analysis of An American Tragedy is scarce\uff0e<\/p>\n

    \u00a0 <\/strong>2.1<\/strong> A Brief Introduction to Theodore Dreiser<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Theodore Dreiser was born in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was the very first important American author of non- English stock, although United States had already more than half population of later immigrant and their children. His father was a German immigrant, and was mostly unemployed mill worker. So, his childhood was marked with poverty.<\/p>\n

    Dreiser was a great naturalism writer. He wrote his work on the basic principle of naturalism. He and his works of the real life do not attack the nation\u2019s puritanical moral code; they ignore it. Then, his attitude stocked the genteel public probably more than the others. Because he was born from poverty, and he had harsh experience of poverty, suffered enough distress from unemployment and poverty. He had enough knowledge and deep sympathy.<\/p>\n

    2.2<\/strong> A Brief Introduction of an American Tragedy<\/strong><\/p>\n

    An American Tragedy tells about a tragic story. The story was based on a popular murder case. In the story, Clyde was a less successful young man, driven by the desire for sex and money to murder his lover, and he did that in order to marry wealth. Finally, he was convicted and executed to death. Whatever of social and spirit, he was victim. From the book, Dreiser expressed a degree of critical and commercial success.
    \nThere are three books in the novel. In the first book, the author describes Clyde\u2019s life in Kansas. He was born in a poor missionary family; Clyde Griffiths lived a poverty-stricken life since his childhood. He always had to sing hymn of praise in American street everyday with his family. As he grew up, he was more and more tired of and even hated singing hymn of praise in the street with his family, and he was so sensitive that he always felt that the auditors were looking down upon them. In a word, his poor family made him painful. So once he had grown old enough to make money, he threw away that lifestyle. In Green- Davidson, he was deeply impressed by the striking contrast between Rich and Poor, and he avidly wanted to rise into this American upper class that seemed to offer him the only hope of self-realizations.
    \n3 Analysis of Roberta’s Tragedy on Freudian study<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Roberta excels Hortense in almost every aspect, such appearance and intelligence\u3002She\u2019s not as indulgent as Hortense in her daily life and she is a traditional well conventional gild before her acquaintance Clyde\uff0eThe background of Roberta closely resembles that of Clyde\uff0eShe too has been locked up by poverty and depressed by the realization of her lacking in skill and experience\u3002Besides\uff0cshe feels she is all outsider of the mainstream of American Lire, surrounded by her incompetent and inefficient parents Although Roberta anticipates bettering her life by getting an education and by mating Well she earl, due to her unfavorable upbringing, she is deprived of the equivalent opportunity as some youth to realize her ambition\uff0eThen she is involved in a romantic Relationship with her supervisor, which is forbidden in this factory, hoping such union will help her to make her dream come true\u3002When her friend Grace nails a lie offer about Clyde, she resents her friend and views her friend as a burden and hindrance\uff0eShe isn\u2019t quite straighter mother about why she moves out of her first room\uff0eTortured by her inner mental conflicts between the dilemma faced also by Hamlet,\u201cto be or not to be’\u2019\uff0cshe deceives even herself as to why she selects a room in the new house downstairs and with an outside door\uff0eRoberta is not simply a victim of seduction and vanity, instead\uff0cshe is also a victim of her unconscious id\u3002She takes delight in the pleasure of sexual love, the same as Clyde\uff0cand takes no care of her moral criteria and yields herself wholly to him each night\uff0cdreaming\u201crecklessly and wildly of the joy of it\u2019 each day.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. 1<\/strong> Roberta\u2019s Destiny<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Roberta Alden was a daughter of Titus Alden, a farmer-of near Blitz, which was a small town in Mimi co Country, some fifty miles north. The father of her father was also a farmer. Her father was also an unsuccessful person at forty-eight. He was still living in a very old and much in need of repair house which he inherited from his father. The desire was stronger and stronger. And then, he became apathy to Roberta. Roberta did not know why his attitude became so apathy and strange. Without any other way to solve the problem, Roberta pleaded Clyde to marry her, but Clyde wanted to marry Sondra for better and richer life. He protracted to agree again and again. Worrying of losing Sondra and his reputation in Lycurgus, he pretended to agree, but in his mind, he was planning to kill Roberta.
      \nRoberta\u2019s tragedy could be ascribed to herself. She was very naive and easy to believe someone else. Roberta\u2019s dream was established on the love that she could together with Clyde. She had not thinking independently. So, she obeyed Clyde’s meaning, no longer requiring him. Roberta thought that Clyde was her god. Whatever Clyde wanted to do, she would do her best to satisfy him. And then, her personality caused her tragedy.<\/p>\n

      3.2<\/strong> T<\/strong>h<\/strong>e Analysis of Roberta\u2019s Tragedy on the External Causes<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Roberta Herself Was Partly Blamed for Her Tragedy. It seems unfair for Roberta to be blamed for her tragedy, but she really should be. Although born in a poor farm family, Roberta was very charming and quite clever. She deserved to have better life. Since her childhood, she was dreaming to conquer a man to have a better life that was different from her farm life. With this good dream, she even could not insist on her refusal for Clyde\u2019s pursuit. She had already lost something guided by the dream of bettering herself by marrying Clyde. She even dared not insist on her refusing for Clyde\u2019s unreasonable requirement, even though she knew that she was in the way of danger and maybe even in the way of destruction. So, in her tragedy, she was partly blamed. In American society, the boundary between the poor and rich was very clear. It was impossible for the poor people to enter the upper class. Just because of her unrealistic dream, she was finally pregnant easily and lost her life. Roberta was even told that the man of the rich family was not keeping their words, but she could not resist Clyde\u2019s sweet talk. In a word, she was very foolish. She should keep herself from having sex with Clyde and getting pregnant. Because of her vanity and unrealistic dream, the tragedy happened.<\/p>\n

      Second, because of his selfishness, when Roberta was pregnant, he refused to go with Roberta together to the doctor\u2019s for help. At last, to disengage himself from Roberta, he even planned to kill her. Although he did not carry on his plan at the critical moment, he did not give a hand to Roberta in the accident when Roberta was in critical danger and needed help very much. It was his very coldness and selfishness that caused Roberta’s tragedy. Clyde was in the interest of realizing his wealth and rank then dreamed to kill his lover. His mentality was distorted by the social desire. He should be sentenced to death.<\/p>\n

      3.3<\/strong> The Original Causes of the Tragedy<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Although Roberta herself and Clyde should be blamed for her tragedy, in the final analysis, the original causes of Roberta’s tragedy are the evil capitalist social system. Why did both Roberta and Clyde have the unrealistic dream and even lose their lives for the dream? To find out the answer for these questions, we have to mention the prevalent culture and the American society.
      \nThese spirits dated from the English Religion Reformation. Coming into 20th century, the industry achieved very great success, and the goods were produced in mass. The content of American dream had a little changed. Although the dream of greatness, wealth and success had not changed yet, the desire of consuming as much as possible had taken place of the sobriety. The young generation paid more attention to the practice and the comfortable even luxurious material life, while more neglecting the traditional virtue and dogma than the generation of their parents did. The consuming culture and the hedonism prevailed over the whole American in the 20th century. In such surrounding, lead by these ideas, the young generation could not help pursuit money, rich material life and the sex.<\/p>\n

      3.4<\/strong> Roberta’s Tragedy<\/strong> on <\/strong>Freudian study<\/strong><\/p>\n

      From the above analysis we can see Roberta ascents to have sexual relationship with Clyde for at least three reasons\uff0eFirst of all\uff0cshe allows herself to do this because she dreams to raise herself out of poverty and Clyde gives her the illusion that k is rich and he is from superior social sphere\uff0eHer egoism gets well illustrated in her relationship with Clyde\uff0eFrom their first encounter, she never forgets that he is a Griffiths and supervisor, roles which make him attractive but also formidable and risky\uff0eJust as Clyde envisions Sondra as a doorway to paradise of wealth,position,and comfort\uff0cSO Roberta perceives Clyde\uff0c a channel to getaway from her poor maidenhood as well as her humble and unaccomplished work\uff0eClyde’s superior position\uff0chowever, constitutes a danger as well as a hope for her\uff0eIf she succeeds in getting out of her poverty, Roberta can at least solve her food\uff0cclothes and housing problems\uff0cand thus the fundamental human desires get satisfied\uff0eTherefore\uff0cit is the id that causes her to have such a wish\uff0eSecond, though Roberta is somewhat hesitant to allow Clyde to come too close to her ,later after their first intimacy, Roberta enjoys herself as much as Clyde enjoys himself ,She has the normal human desire and her id enjoys sexual delight extremely\uff0eIf Hortense satisfies her wish to show an impressive appearance in her relationship with Clyde,Roberta contents her sexual organ in her relationship with Clyde\uff0eAnd boom of these two kinds of satisfaction are the different forms of the egoism\uff0cor the id\u3002Last but not the least\uff0cRoberta allows herself to have an intimate relationship with Clyde because she loves him\u3002Since the id is chaos\uff0ca cauldron of seething excitement, it asks form ore than one or two pleasures\uff0eActually, it requires the satisfaction of all pleasures\uff0eApart from the basic desires\uff0cnamely, the survival instinct, human beings are emotional creatures and they want to get the attention and love from the ones that they are fond of\uff1aIf they are bathed in love without any anxiety, the person must be extremely happy, thus\uff0chis or her id or egoism to pursue pleasure succeeds\uff0eall\uff0cRoberta is the embodiment of the id in this novel and in a sense\uff1bshe is the id of herself, of C1yde as well as that of her society\uff0eNeither Hortense nor Roberta takes control of their drives to obey the social conventions\uff0eFor both Freud and Dreiser, the id is more powerful than the ego\uff0eFreud holds that the pleasure principle frequently defeats the reality principle and hurts people in various aspects\uff0e e pleasure principle transcends the reality principle because it serves as the avenue to release one\u2019s libido and it exits persistently and permanently\uff0eHence, egoism or the id\uff0cis the most powerful part in Freudian psychology since it adapts to the pleasure principle\uff0eJust take Roberta as all example\uff0cshe knows clearly that it is impossible to keep all above-board relationship with Clyde\uff0cand he maybe doesn\u2019t bother himself to take tile trouble to marry her\uff0eWhile she just cannot behave herself and her id gets the upper hand due to the above three pleasures which their relationship can bring her\uff0e<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u00a0 <\/strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Naturalism is the brief writing style that man is shaped of hereditary and environment force beyond his control. In particular, naturalism is the brief that man\u2019s inner sense of willingness toward a good or toward an evil is an illusion merely.(Donld,2003,) Thus, for the naturalist it makes no praise the action, they are only doing what comes naturally to them. As a novelist, Theodore Dreiser was the sort of naturalist who felt an extraordinary need to explain things, to represent his characters motives and actions as cogent as possible. He offered many instances scientifically–based explanations of their determinism, and even corrected popular misconceptions as to the cause and significances of human endeavor. An American Tragedy tended to emphasize that female should be independent and could not reply on men. Women are not accessories, but dominate positions in the society. If a female is too weak in mind, she would become a tragedy in the society. Her tragedy destined to happen at that time.
      \nIn American Tragedy, Theodore Dreiser portrayed his characters Clyde and Roberta. Whatever they like, in American capitalist, they did it what they were forced anything, just persuade what is insight in their mind. Their tragedy is not very special; it is the American’s common tragedy. As Roberta is just one of the typical instances of such female tragedy, we can find a lot of problems existing in the American females. Roberta’s tragedy is also the American female’s tragedy.
      \nThe novel shows the greatest attractive for over the world. Although there are many criticisms about Dreiser and his novel American Tragedy, it can not deny the fact that the celebrated influence spread not only American literature but also all over the world.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

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